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ScienceDaily Top Science Headlines
for Sunday, July 1, 2012
Curvy mountain belts (June 29, 2012) — Mountain belts on Earth are most commonly formed by collision of one or more tectonic plates. The process of collision, uplift, and subsequent erosion of long mountain belts often produces profound global effects, including changes in regional and global climates, as well as the formation of important economic resources, including oil and gas reservoirs and ore deposits. Understanding the formation of mountain belts is thus a very important element of earth science research. … > full story
Easter Island drug raises cognition throughout life span in mice (June 29, 2012) — Cognitive skills such as learning and memory diminish with age in everyone, and the drop-off is steepest in Alzheimer’s disease. Texas scientists seeking a way to prevent this decline reported exciting results this week with a drug that has Polynesian roots. The researchers added rapamycin to the diet of healthy mice throughout the rodents’ life span. Rapamycin, a bacterial product first isolated from soil on Easter Island, enhanced learning and memory in young mice and improved these faculties in old mice, the study showed. … > full story
New fuel cell keeps going after the hydrogen runs out (June 29, 2012) — Materials scientists have demonstrated a solid-oxide fuel cell that converts hydrogen into electricity but can also store electrochemical energy like a battery. This fuel cell can continue to produce power for a short time after its fuel has run out. … > full story
Scientists urge new approaches to plant research (June 29, 2012) — If humans are to survive as a species, we must turn more to plants for any number of valuable lessons, experts say. … > full story
New gene mutations that lead to enlarged brain size, cancer, autism, epilepsy identified (June 29, 2012) — Scientist have discovered new gene mutations associated with markedly enlarged brain size, or megalencephaly. … > full story
Moderate doses of alcohol increase social bonding in groups (June 29, 2012) — A new study reveals that moderate amounts of alcohol — consumed in a social setting — can enhance positive emotions and social bonding and relieve negative emotions among those drinking. … > full story
Bees shed light on human sweet perception and metabolic disorders (June 29, 2012) — Scientists have discovered that honey bees may teach us about basic connections between taste perception and metabolic disorders in humans. By experimenting with honey bee genetics, researchers have identified connections between sugar sensitivity, diabetic physiology and carbohydrate metabolism. Bees and humans may partially share these connections. … > full story
Clothing the body electric: Cotton T-shirt fabric can store electricity, maybe keep your cell phone charged (June 29, 2012) — The fabric in a cotton T-shirt was converted into a material that can store electricity. A flexible source of electrical power made from this kind of material might one day be able to charge your cell phone, or any number of other mobile electronic devices. … > full story
Making the shortest light bursts leads to better understanding of nature (June 29, 2012) — An attosecond is a ridiculously brief sliver of time – a scant billionth of a billionth of a second. This may seem too short to have any practical applications, but at the atomic level, where electrons zip and jump about, these vanishingly short timescales are crucial to a deeper understanding of science. … > full story
New properties of stem cells via simulated microgravity (June 29, 2012) — A recent study set out to illustrate novel mechanical transduction properties of hematopoietic stem cells in relation to defining the expression of humoral factors by facilitating paracrine/autocrine signalling via microgravity. … > full story
Stealthy microscopy method visualizes E. coli sub-cellular structure in 3-D (June 29, 2012) — A sub-cellular world has been opened up for scientists to study E. coli and other tissues in new ways, thanks to a microscopy method that stealthily provides 3-D, high-quality images of the internal structure of cells without disturbing the specimen. … > full story
Scientists help create an extra second of summer: Leap second to be added on July 1, 2012 (June 29, 2012) — Scientists will be adding a leap second at 00:59 BST on July 1 to its atomic clocks, to ensure UK time remains synchronized with international time. … > full story
ScienceDaily Health Headlines
Easter Island drug raises cognition throughout life span in mice (June 29, 2012) — Cognitive skills such as learning and memory diminish with age in everyone, and the drop-off is steepest in Alzheimer’s disease. Texas scientists seeking a way to prevent this decline reported exciting results this week with a drug that has Polynesian roots. The researchers added rapamycin to the diet of healthy mice throughout the rodents’ life span. Rapamycin, a bacterial product first isolated from soil on Easter Island, enhanced learning and memory in young mice and improved these faculties in old mice, the study showed. … > full story
New gene mutations that lead to enlarged brain size, cancer, autism, epilepsy identified (June 29, 2012) — Scientist have discovered new gene mutations associated with markedly enlarged brain size, or megalencephaly. … > full story
Moderate doses of alcohol increase social bonding in groups (June 29, 2012) — A new study reveals that moderate amounts of alcohol — consumed in a social setting — can enhance positive emotions and social bonding and relieve negative emotions among those drinking. … > full story
Bees shed light on human sweet perception and metabolic disorders (June 29, 2012) — Scientists have discovered that honey bees may teach us about basic connections between taste perception and metabolic disorders in humans. By experimenting with honey bee genetics, researchers have identified connections between sugar sensitivity, diabetic physiology and carbohydrate metabolism. Bees and humans may partially share these connections. … > full story
New properties of stem cells via simulated microgravity (June 29, 2012) — A recent study set out to illustrate novel mechanical transduction properties of hematopoietic stem cells in relation to defining the expression of humoral factors by facilitating paracrine/autocrine signalling via microgravity. … > full story
‘Ambient’ bullying gives employees urge to quit (June 29, 2012) — Merely showing up to work in an environment where bullying goes on is enough to make many of us think about quitting, a new study suggests. … > full story
Caffeine boosts power for elderly muscles (June 29, 2012) — Caffeine boosts power in older muscles, suggesting the stimulant could aid elderly people to maintain their strength, reducing the incidence of falls and injuries, according to new research. … > full story
What you eat can prevent arsenic overload (June 29, 2012) — New research has demonstrated that people who ate more dietary vitamin B12 and animal protein had lower levels of arsenic (measured by deposition in toenails). Total dietary fat, animal fat, vegetable fat and saturated fat were also all associated with lower levels of arsenic, while omega 3 fatty acids, such as those found in fish oil, were associated with increased arsenic. … > full story
Insights into primate diversity: Lessons from the rhesus macaque (June 29, 2012) — The rhesus macaque has three times as much genetic variation as humans. However despite much of this extra variation within genes, protein function is not affected. Consequently damaging variations are at similar levels in macaques and humans — indicating a strong selection pressure to maintain gene function regardless of mutation rate or population size. … > full story
Both innate and adaptive immune responses are critical to the control of influenza (June 29, 2012) — Both innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in controlling influenza virus infection, according to a new study. … > full story
Improving efficiencies in fuel, chemical and pharmaceutical industries (June 28, 2012) — Engineering researchers have made a major breakthrough in developing a catalyst used during chemical reactions in the production of gasoline, plastics, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. The discovery could lead to major efficiencies and cost-savings in these multibillion-dollar industries. … > full story
Cognitive-behavioral therapy effective in combatting anxiety disorders, study suggests (June 28, 2012) — Whether it is a phobia like a fear of flying, public speaking or spiders, or a diagnosis such as obsessive compulsive disorder, new research finds patients suffering from anxiety disorders showed the most improvement when treated with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in conjunction with a “transdiagnostic” approach — a model that allows therapists to apply one set of principles across anxiety disorders. … > full story
ScienceDaily Technology Headlines
New fuel cell keeps going after the hydrogen runs out (June 29, 2012) — Materials scientists have demonstrated a solid-oxide fuel cell that converts hydrogen into electricity but can also store electrochemical energy like a battery. This fuel cell can continue to produce power for a short time after its fuel has run out. … > full story
Clothing the body electric: Cotton T-shirt fabric can store electricity, maybe keep your cell phone charged (June 29, 2012) — The fabric in a cotton T-shirt was converted into a material that can store electricity. A flexible source of electrical power made from this kind of material might one day be able to charge your cell phone, or any number of other mobile electronic devices. … > full story
Making the shortest light bursts leads to better understanding of nature (June 29, 2012) — An attosecond is a ridiculously brief sliver of time – a scant billionth of a billionth of a second. This may seem too short to have any practical applications, but at the atomic level, where electrons zip and jump about, these vanishingly short timescales are crucial to a deeper understanding of science. … > full story
Stealthy microscopy method visualizes E. coli sub-cellular structure in 3-D (June 29, 2012) — A sub-cellular world has been opened up for scientists to study E. coli and other tissues in new ways, thanks to a microscopy method that stealthily provides 3-D, high-quality images of the internal structure of cells without disturbing the specimen. … > full story
Scientists help create an extra second of summer: Leap second to be added on July 1, 2012 (June 29, 2012) — Scientists will be adding a leap second at 00:59 BST on July 1 to its atomic clocks, to ensure UK time remains synchronized with international time. … > full story
How to bend it like Beckham: Physics students calculate perfect soccer ball kicking formula (June 29, 2012) — Now that David Beckham won’t be appearing at the London 2012 Olympics, other members of Team GB wanting to brush up on their free-kicks can rest easy. A physics students has figured out the optimum way of kicking a soccer ball in order to make it bend into the goal. The ex-England captain’s curling free-kicks became legendary, and even inspired the title of the 2002 film Bend It Like Beckham. … > full story
Multiple mergers generate ultraluminous infrared galaxy (June 29, 2012) — Ultraluminous infrared galaxies are the most luminous class of galaxies in the relatively near or local Universe. Most of their energy output is in the infrared range, suggesting that they contain a large amount of dust, an indication of immense star formation. … > full story
Colorful light at the end of the tunnel for radiation detection (June 29, 2012) — Nanomaterials researchers have developed a new technique for radiation detection that could make radiation detection in cargo and baggage more effective and less costly for homeland security inspectors. … > full story
Evidence of life on Mars could come from Martian moon Phobos (June 29, 2012) — A mission to a Martian moon could return with alien life, according to experts, but don’t expect the invasion scenario presented by summer blockbusters like “Men in Black 3” or “Prometheus.” A sample from the moon Phobos, scientists believe, would almost surely contain Martian material blasted off from large asteroid impacts. If life on Mars exists or existed within the last 10 million years, a mission to Phobos could yield our first evidence of life beyond Earth. … > full story
First-ever changes in an exoplanet atmosphere detected (June 29, 2012) — Astronomers have using data made an unparalleled observation, detecting significant changes in the atmosphere of a planet located beyond our solar system. … > full story
Has the speediest pulsar been found? (June 29, 2012) — The fastest moving pulsar may have been found about 30,000 light years from Earth. This object is known as IGR J1104-6103 and may be racing away from a supernova remnant at about 6 million miles per hour. If confirmed, this would challenge theorists to create models that explain such super speeds out of supernova explosions. … > full story
Improving efficiencies in fuel, chemical and pharmaceutical industries (June 28, 2012) — Engineering researchers have made a major breakthrough in developing a catalyst used during chemical reactions in the production of gasoline, plastics, biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. The discovery could lead to major efficiencies and cost-savings in these multibillion-dollar industries. … > full story
ScienceDaily Environment Headlines
Curvy mountain belts (June 29, 2012) — Mountain belts on Earth are most commonly formed by collision of one or more tectonic plates. The process of collision, uplift, and subsequent erosion of long mountain belts often produces profound global effects, including changes in regional and global climates, as well as the formation of important economic resources, including oil and gas reservoirs and ore deposits. Understanding the formation of mountain belts is thus a very important element of earth science research. … > full story
Easter Island drug raises cognition throughout life span in mice (June 29, 2012) — Cognitive skills such as learning and memory diminish with age in everyone, and the drop-off is steepest in Alzheimer’s disease. Texas scientists seeking a way to prevent this decline reported exciting results this week with a drug that has Polynesian roots. The researchers added rapamycin to the diet of healthy mice throughout the rodents’ life span. Rapamycin, a bacterial product first isolated from soil on Easter Island, enhanced learning and memory in young mice and improved these faculties in old mice, the study showed. … > full story
New fuel cell keeps going after the hydrogen runs out (June 29, 2012) — Materials scientists have demonstrated a solid-oxide fuel cell that converts hydrogen into electricity but can also store electrochemical energy like a battery. This fuel cell can continue to produce power for a short time after its fuel has run out. … > full story
Scientists urge new approaches to plant research (June 29, 2012) — If humans are to survive as a species, we must turn more to plants for any number of valuable lessons, experts say. … > full story
Bees shed light on human sweet perception and metabolic disorders (June 29, 2012) — Scientists have discovered that honey bees may teach us about basic connections between taste perception and metabolic disorders in humans. By experimenting with honey bee genetics, researchers have identified connections between sugar sensitivity, diabetic physiology and carbohydrate metabolism. Bees and humans may partially share these connections. … > full story
Stealthy microscopy method visualizes E. coli sub-cellular structure in 3-D (June 29, 2012) — A sub-cellular world has been opened up for scientists to study E. coli and other tissues in new ways, thanks to a microscopy method that stealthily provides 3-D, high-quality images of the internal structure of cells without disturbing the specimen. … > full story
Welsh reindeer is Britain’s oldest rock art, U-series dating suggests (June 29, 2012) — A reindeer engraved on the wall of a cave in South Wales has been found to date from at least 14,505 years ago — making it the oldest known rock art in the British Isles. … > full story
Caffeine boosts power for elderly muscles (June 29, 2012) — Caffeine boosts power in older muscles, suggesting the stimulant could aid elderly people to maintain their strength, reducing the incidence of falls and injuries, according to new research. … > full story
Evidence of life on Mars could come from Martian moon Phobos (June 29, 2012) — A mission to a Martian moon could return with alien life, according to experts, but don’t expect the invasion scenario presented by summer blockbusters like “Men in Black 3” or “Prometheus.” A sample from the moon Phobos, scientists believe, would almost surely contain Martian material blasted off from large asteroid impacts. If life on Mars exists or existed within the last 10 million years, a mission to Phobos could yield our first evidence of life beyond Earth. … > full story
What you eat can prevent arsenic overload (June 29, 2012) — New research has demonstrated that people who ate more dietary vitamin B12 and animal protein had lower levels of arsenic (measured by deposition in toenails). Total dietary fat, animal fat, vegetable fat and saturated fat were also all associated with lower levels of arsenic, while omega 3 fatty acids, such as those found in fish oil, were associated with increased arsenic. … > full story
Insights into primate diversity: Lessons from the rhesus macaque (June 29, 2012) — The rhesus macaque has three times as much genetic variation as humans. However despite much of this extra variation within genes, protein function is not affected. Consequently damaging variations are at similar levels in macaques and humans — indicating a strong selection pressure to maintain gene function regardless of mutation rate or population size. … > full story
Both innate and adaptive immune responses are critical to the control of influenza (June 29, 2012) — Both innate and adaptive immune responses play an important role in controlling influenza virus infection, according to a new study. … > full story
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